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Theme · 264 quotes

Equality & Social Justice quotes for UPSC & State PCS

264 sourced quotes on equality, caste, discrimination and social justice, each with a use case for GS4, Essay and interviews. Thinkers include Adam Smith, Paulo Freire, Martin Luther King Jr., Barack Obama, Nelson Mandela, B. R. Ambedkar.

✓ Sourced and attributed · 84 for GS4 · 241 for Essay

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The only parallel to the practice of untouchability was apartheid.
— Manmohan SinghOn Dalits and untouchability, "Indian leader likens caste system to apartheid regime", The Guardian (UK) (28 December 2006)
Use itGS1 on untouchability; only parallel was apartheid—stress its gravity.
Caste is not just a division of labour, it is a division of labourers.
— B. R. AmbedkarAs quoted in The Annihilation of Caste
Use itGS1 on caste: caste divides labourers, not merely labour.
I did not get on the bus to get arrested. I got on the bus to go home.
— Rosa ParksQuoted in Rita Dove, "Rosa Parks: Her simple act of protest galvanized America's civil rights revolution," Time (1999-06-14)
Use itEssay/GS1: ordinary acts of dignity sparking civil rights movements.
The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line.
— W. E. B. Du BoisTo the Nations of the World, address to Pan-African conference, London (1900). These words are also found in The Souls of Black Folk (1903),
Use itGS1/Essay on racial discrimination; the defining problem of the 20th century.
They cripple the bird's wing, and then condemn it for not flying as fast as they.
— Malcolm XMalcolm X on Zionism (1964)
Use itEssay on structural discrimination; society cripples the marginalised, then blames them.
Equality may be a fiction but nonetheless one must accept it as governing principle.
— B. R. AmbedkarPolitical Science for Civil Services Main Examination (2010)
Use itEssay on equality: even if unequal by nature, equality must govern law and policy.
There are, in every age, new errors to be rectified, and new prejudices to be opposed.
— Samuel JohnsonNo. 86 (12 January 1751)
Use itEssay on social reform: every age has new prejudices to oppose.
The oppressed, instead of striving for liberation, tend themselves to become oppressors
— Paulo FreirePedagogia do oprimido (Pedagogy of the Oppressed) (1968, English trans. 1970) / Chapter 1
Use itEssay on cycles of discrimination; the oppressed often reproduce oppression when gaining power.
I have never regarded any man as my superior, either in my life outside or inside prison.
— Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela on equaliy, From a letter to General Du Preez, Commissioner of Prisons, Written on Robben Island, Cape Town, South Africa (12
Use itGS4: self-respect and equality — no one is superior.
All mortals are equal; it is not their birth, But virtue itself that makes the difference.
Use itGS1/GS4: against caste and birth-based hierarchy; merit and virtue distinguish people.
Anyone who knows of a provable instance of colour discrimination ought always to expose it.
— George Orwell"As I Please," Tribune (11 August 1944)
Use itGS4: moral duty to expose discrimination when witnessed; bystander responsibility.
Right is of no sex, Truth is of no color, God is the Father of us all, and we are all Brethren.
— Frederick DouglassDouglass' chosen motto for his weekly publication The North Star. It appeared on the first issue. As quoted in Maurice S. Lee (2009), The Ca
Use itEssay on universal equality: rights and truth know no gender, colour or race.
So long as you do not achieve social liberty, whatever freedom is provided by the law is of no avail to you.
— B. R. AmbedkarSpeech delivered to the Bombay Presidency Mahar Conference (31 May 1936)
Use itGS2 on social democracy: legal freedom fails without social liberty.
I detest racialism because I regard it as a barbaric thing, whether it comes from a black man or a white man.
— Nelson MandelaLong Walk to Freedom (1995)
Use itGS1: racism is barbaric regardless of who practises it.
Liberation is a praxis: the action and reflection of men and women upon their world in order to transform it.
— Paulo FreirePedagogia do oprimido (Pedagogy of the Oppressed) (1968, English trans. 1970) / Chapter 2
Use itEssay on social reform; liberation needs both reflection and action to transform society.
No human race is superior; no religious faith is inferior. All collective judgments are wrong. Only racists make them.
— Elie Wiesel"Have You Learned The Most Important Lesson Of All?", published in Parade Magazine (May 24, 1992)
Use itGS1/Essay on racism and communalism: no race superior, no faith inferior.
We have not taken and we shall not take a single backward step. There must be no second class citizens in this country.
— Dwight D. EisenhowerLetter to Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (June 6, 1953); Source: United States of America Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 84th
Use itGS2/Essay on inclusion: no second-class citizens in a democracy.
No man can put a chain about the ankle of his fellow man without at last finding the other end fastened about his own neck.
— Frederick DouglassSpeech at Civil Rights Mass Meeting, Washington, D.C. (22 October 1883)
Use itEssay: oppression ultimately enslaves the oppressor too; useful in caste or discrimination essays.
I would like to be known as a person who is concerned about freedom and equality and justice and prosperity for all people.
— Rosa ParksQuoted in "Women of the Hall: Rosa Parks," Women's National Hall of Fame (undated); said upon her 77th birthday (1990-02-04)
Use itInterview/Essay conclusion: aspire to freedom, equality, justice and prosperity for all.
Equality & Social JusticeEssayGS4Interview
Understanding the spirit of our institutions to aim at the elevation of men, I am opposed to whatever tends to degrade them.
— Abraham LincolnLetter to Dr. Theodore Canisius (17 May 1859)
Use itGS2 on welfare state; institutions should uplift people and oppose degradation.
I believe that none of us are fully free when others in the human family remain shackled by poverty or disease or oppression.
— Barack ObamaCape Town University Address (June 2013)
Use itEssay on global justice: none of us are free while others remain shackled by poverty or disease.
In the world's audience hall, the simple blade of grass sits on the same carpet with the sunbeams, and the stars of midnight.
Use itEssay on equality and dignity; the humblest shares the same carpet as the brightest.
It is the duty of righteous men to make war on all undeserved privilege, but one must not forget that this is a war without end.
— Primo LeviThe Drowned and the Saved (1986)
Use itEssay on social justice; fighting undeserved privilege is a duty and an endless struggle.
Indeed, the interests of the oppressors lie in 'changing the consciousness of the oppressed, not the situation which oppresses them.'
— Paulo FreireThe Banking Concept of Education
Use itEssay on empowerment vs tokenism; real change alters structures, not just mindsets of the oppressed.
Dalits have faced a unique discrimination in our society that is fundamentally different from the problems of minority groups in general.
Use itGS1/GS2 on caste; Dalit discrimination is unique, distinct from general minority issues.
Everyone had something unique to offer in life and their responsibility was to develop those gifts - and heroes come from all backgrounds.
— Margaret ThatcherThe Path To Power (1995)
Use itEssay on inclusive opportunity; everyone has unique gifts, heroes come from all backgrounds.
A deepened consciousness of their situation leads people to apprehend that situation as an historical reality susceptible of transformation.
— Paulo Freirepage 253
Use itEssay on social reform; awareness makes injustice appear changeable, not fated.
This country will not be a permanently good place for any of us to live in unless we make it a reasonably good place for all of us to live in.
— Theodore RooseveltChicago, IL (17 June 1912)
Use itEssay on inclusive growth: a country is good for any only if good for all.
We are—proudly—a people with no sense of class or caste. We judge no man by his name or inheritance, but by what he does—and for what he stands.
— Dwight D. EisenhowerAddress at the Philadelphia Convention Hall (1956)
Use itGS1/Essay on caste and class: judge people by deeds, not name or inheritance.
I for one will join with anyone—I don't care what color you are—as long as you want to change the miserable condition that exists on this earth.
Use itEssay on solidarity; join anyone, regardless of colour, who seeks to end human misery.
To me the earth's most explosive and pernicious evil is racism, the inability of God's creatures to live as One, especially in the Western world.
— Malcolm XThe Autobiography of Malcolm X (1965)
Use itEssay on racism and discrimination; the most pernicious evil is inability to live as one.
The same energy of character which renders a man a daring villain would have rendered him useful to society, had that society been well organized.
Use itGS4: role of society and institutions in shaping character; crime as social failure.
Every man who repeats the dogma of Mill that one country is not fit to rule another country must admit that a class is not fit to rule another class.
— B. R. AmbedkarPolitical Science for Civil Services Main Examination (2010)
Use itEssay on social democracy: if colonial rule is wrong, so is one class ruling another.
This is the contradiction of racism, colonialism, and all forms of tyranny: in order to treat a man like a dog, one must first recognize him as a man.
— Jean-Paul SartreCritique of Dialectical Reason (1960)
Use itEssay on caste/racial discrimination; oppression contradicts the humanity it must first recognise.
I am not interested in picking up crumbs of compassion thrown from the table of someone who considers himself my master. I want the full menu of rights.
— Desmond TutuToday, NBC TV (9 January 1985)
Use itGS2/Essay on rights-based approach; demand full rights, not charity or crumbs of compassion.
The humble sages, by virtue of true knowledge, see with equal vision a learned and gentle brahmana, a cow, an elephant, a dog and a dog-eater [outcaste].
— Bhagavad GitaKrishna; Chapter 5, verse 18; translation source with commentary
Use itGS4 on impartiality: the wise see all beings with equal vision.
Every discrimination against women in the constitutions and laws of the several States is today null and void, precisely as in every one against Negroes.
— Susan B. AnthonyWoman's Rights to the Suffrage Speech (1873)
Use itGS2: discriminatory laws against women void like racial ones; link to Article 14-15.
It is curious how people take it for granted that they have a right to preach at you and pray over you as soon as your income falls below a certain level.
Use itGS4: welfare without dignity; the poor are not objects of moral lectures.
There is in the Constitution no East, no West, no North, no South, no black, no white, no slave, no slaveholder, but all are citizens who are of American birth.
— Frederick DouglassShould the Negro Enlist in the Union Army? (1863)
Use itGS2: Constitution sees only citizens, not region or race; link to Article 14-15.
Not by birth does one become an outcaste, not by birth does one become a brahman. By one's action one becomes an outcaste, by one's action one becomes a brahman.
Use itGS1/Essay on caste: worth comes from conduct, not birth; Buddhist critique of caste hierarchy.
A man does not become a Brahmana by his platted hair, by his family, or by birth; in whom there is truth and righteousness, he is blessed, he is a Brahmana. (Verse 393)
— DhammapadaTranslator: F. Max Müller
Use itGS1/Essay on caste: worth comes from truth and righteousness, not birth.
I have no color prejudices nor caste prejudices nor creed prejudices. All I care to know is that a man is a human being, and that is enough for me; he can't be any worse.
— Mark TwainConcerning the Jews (Harper's Magazine, Sept. 1899)
Use itGS4/Essay: no colour, caste or creed prejudice—being human is enough.
Whatever be the difference in people’s caste, creed, language and religion, since they are from the same creation, there is no harm in their dining together and marrying each other.
Use itGS1: Narayana Guru on inter-dining and inter-caste marriage; social reform.
Given what can be achieved through intelligent and humane intervention, it is amazing how inactive and smug most societies are about the prevalence of the unshared burden of disability.
— Amartya Senquoted in Andrew Balls, "Donors urged to focus more on disability link", Financial Times (December 2, 2004)
Use itGS2 on disability rights; society's complacency about the unshared burden of disability.
A self-supporting and self-respecting democracy can plead no justification for the existence of child labor, no economic reason for chiseling workers' wages or stretching workers' hours.
— Franklin D. RooseveltMessage to Congress on establishing minimum wages and maximum hours (1937)
Use itGS2/GS1 on child labour and labour rights: no economic excuse justifies exploitation.
We must ever judge each individual on his own conduct and merits, and not on his membership in any class, whether that class be based on theological, social, or industrial considerations.
— Theodore RooseveltCh. VI : The New York Police
Use itGS4 on impartiality: judge individuals on conduct, not caste, class or creed.
I am not antagonistic to the rightful claims of capital; I am far from wanting to flourish a hostile flag; but I am of opinion that the masses, too, have rights which should be considered.
— Otto von BismarckSpeech to the Reichstag (14 June 1882), quoted in W. H. Dawson, Bismarck and State Socialism: An Exposition of the Social and Economic Legis
Use itEssay on capital vs labour; balance investors' rights with workers' rights in growth.
Dehumanization, although a concrete historical fact, is not a given destiny but the result of an unjust order that engenders violence in the oppressors, which in turn dehumanizes the oppressed.
— Paulo FreirePedagogia do oprimido (Pedagogy of the Oppressed) (1968, English trans. 1970)
Use itEssay on oppression or caste; dehumanisation stems from unjust social order, not destiny.
The difference between the most dissimilar characters, between a philosopher and a common street porter, for example, seems to arise not so much from nature, as from habit, custom, and education.
Use itEssay on nature vs nurture; differences arise from habit and education, not birth.
It goes without saying that a civilization which leaves so large a number of its participants unsatisfied and drives them into revolt neither has nor deserves the prospect of a lasting existence.
Use itEssay on inclusive growth: a civilisation leaving many dissatisfied cannot endure.
To have given each one of the million Negro free families a forty-acre freehold would have made a basis of real democracy in the United States that might easily have transformed the modern world.
Use itGS3/GS1 on land reforms; landownership as the basis of real democracy.
The law of liberty tends to abolish the reign of race over race, of faith over faith, of class over class. It is not the realisation of a political ideal: it is the discharge of a moral obligation.
— John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron ActonLetter to Mary Gladstone (1881)
Use itEssay on social justice; liberty ends domination of race, faith and class.
If I am something of a social leveller, it is not because I want to give silly people a good time, but because I want to make opportunity universal, and not leave out one single being who is worth while.
— H. G. Wells"What I Believe", The Listener, 1929. Quoted in Clifton Fadiman, I Believe, London, George Allen and Unwin, 1940
Use itEssay on equality of opportunity: levelling means universal opportunity, leaving no worthy person out.
I am not a racist. I am against every form of racism and segregation, every form of discrimination. I believe in human beings, and that all human beings should be respected as such, regardless of their color.
— Malcolm XBy Any Means Necessary (1970)
Use itGS4/Essay: respect all humans regardless of colour; against all discrimination.
Ah! when will the yoke of Custom—Custom, the blind tyrant, of which all other tyrants make their slave—ah! when will that misery-perpetuating yoke be shaken off?—when, when will Reason be seated on her throne?
— Jeremy BenthamPlan of Parliamentary Reform, in the Form of a Catechism, with Reasons for Each Article: With an Introduction, Showing the Necessity of Radi
Use itEssay on social reform; blind custom as tyrant—e.g. dowry, caste, child marriage.
Lovers of God do not belong to any caste. … A brāhmin without this love is no longer a brāhmin. And a pariah with the love of God is no longer a pariah. Through bhakti an untouchable becomes pure and elevated.
Use itGS1 on Bhakti and caste; devotion transcends caste—birth doesn't define worth.
All people are born equal, all people die in the end and keep nothing of their worldly status. All riches, all power and all greatness exist only for so few years, why then is that mortality clung to so strongly?
— Anne Frank"Give!" (26 March 1944)
Use itEssay on equality and impermanence; status and power are fleeting.
The thinking man must … oppose all cruel customs no matter how deeply rooted in tradition and surrounded by a halo. True manhood is too precious a spiritual good for us to surrender any part of it to thoughtlessness.
— Albert Schweitzerp. 305; also in The Animal World of Albert Schweitzer (1950), p. 179
Use itGS1 on social reform; oppose cruel customs however sanctified by tradition.
This Nation was founded by men of many nations and backgrounds. It was founded on the principle that all men are created equal, and that the rights of every man are diminished when the rights of one man are threatened.
— John F. KennedyRadio and television report to the American people on civil rights (11 June 1963)]
Use itEssay on rights; everyone's rights diminish when one person's are threatened.
It is one of the strange ironies of history, that in a nation founded on the principle that all men are created equal, men are still arguing over whether the color of a man's skin determines the content of his character.
— Martin Luther King Jr.Address to Cornell College (1962)
Use itEssay on discrimination; irony of equality-based nations judging by skin, not character.
Indians today are governed by different ideologies. Their political ideal set in the Preamble of the Constitution affirms a life of liberty, equality and fraternity. Their social ideal embodied in their religion denies them.
— B. R. AmbedkarPolitical Science for Civil Services Main Examination (2010)
Use itGS2 on Preamble ideals: constitutional liberty-equality-fraternity versus a social order denying them.
I care not how affluent some may be, provided that none be miserable in consequence of it. But it is impossible to enjoy affluence with the felicity it is capable of being enjoyed, while so much misery is mingled in the scene.
— Thomas PaineMeans by Which the Fund Is to Be Created
Use itEssay on inequality: affluence acceptable only if none are miserable from it.
The aged are cared for until death; adults are employed in jobs that make full use of their abilities; and children are nourished, educated, and fostered;...orphans... the disabled and the diseased are all well taken care of....
— ConfuciusA Great Utopia (The World of Da-Tong)
Use itGS2 on welfare state; care for aged, disabled, children and full employment as ideal society.
Poverty must not be used as an excuse to continue child labor and exploitation of children … It’s a triangular relationship between child labor, poverty and illiteracy, and I have been trying to fight all of these things together.
— Kailash SatyarthiAs quoted in "Malala Yousafzai and Kailash Satyarthi Are Awarded Nobel Peace Prize" by Alan Cowell and Declan Walsh, in The New York Times (
Use itGS2: child labour–poverty–illiteracy nexus; poverty is no excuse for exploitation.
In the United States of North America, every independent movement of the workers was paralysed so long as slavery disfigured a part of the Republic. Labour cannot emancipate itself in the white skin where in the black it is branded.
Use itEssay on solidarity: no group is free while another is oppressed.
Whenever racial discrimination exists it is a tragic expression of man's spiritual degeneracy and moral bankruptcy. Therefore, it must be removed not merely because it is diplomatically expedient, but because it is morally compelling.
— Martin Luther King Jr.The Rising Tide of Racial Consciousnes (1960)
Use itGS4: end discrimination because it's morally compelling, not merely expedient.
Human nature is not simple and any classification that roughly divides men into good and bad, superior and inferior, slave and free, is and must be ludicrously untrue and universally dangerous as a permanent exhaustive classification.
Use itGS4/Essay: rigid binaries of superior and inferior are false and dangerous.
I hate and despise a shrewish suspicion of foreigners and foreign ways; a man who can look me in the face, laugh with me, speak truth and deal fairly, is my brother, though his skin is as black as ink or as yellow as an evening primrose.
— H. G. WellsWhat is Coming? (1916)
Use itEssay on racism and xenophobia: honesty and fairness, not skin colour, make brotherhood.
The right of no nation depends upon the date of its birth or the size of its power. As there can be no second class citizens before the law of America, so—we believe—there can be no second-class nations before the law of the world community.
— Dwight D. EisenhowerAddress at the Philadelphia Convention Hall (1956)
Use itGS2 on sovereign equality: no second-class nations in world community; UN reform.
I detest apartheid. I couldn't stand being excluded or discriminated against because of the colour of my own skin. And if you can't stand a colour bar against yourself, you can't stand it against anyone else. Apartheid is wrong and it must go.
— Margaret ThatcherSpeech at Lord Mayor’s Banquet (11 November 1985)
Use itGS4/Essay on discrimination; what you can't bear yourself, don't impose on others.
We may enjoy our room in the tower, with the painted walls and the commodious bookcases, but down in the garden there is a man digging who buried his father this morning, and it is he and his like who live the real life and speak the real language.
— Virginia Woolf"Montaigne"
Use itEssay/GS4: on elite detachment; real life is lived by ordinary working people.
I believe that the United States as a government, if it is going to be true to its own founding documents, does have the job of working toward that time when there is no discrimination made on such inconsequential reason as race, color, or religion.
— Dwight D. EisenhowerPresidential news conference (13 May 1959)
Use itGS2/Essay: governments must end discrimination on race, colour or religion (Art 15).
In all sectors of society there should be roughly equal prospects of culture and achievement for everyone similarly motivated and endowed. The expectations of those with the same abilities and aspirations should not be affected by their social class.
Use itGS2: fair equality of opportunity; social class must not limit prospects.
And besides; the problem of land, at its worst, is a bye one; distribute the earth as you will, the principal question remains inexorable, —Who is to dig it? Which of us, in brief word, is to do the hard and dirty work for the rest, and for what pay?
— John RuskinLecture I: Sesame. Of Kings' Treasuries, note to section 30
Use itEssay on dignity of labour; who does hard work and for what pay.
Man is equal to man. There should not be exploitation. One should help the other. No one should harm anybody. Generally there should be no room for grievance or complaint from anybody. Everyone should live and let others to live, with a national spirit.
— Periyar E. V. RamasamyVeeramani, Collected Works of Periyar, p. 49
Use itEssay on equality and fraternity; live and let live without exploitation.
Caste, religion, the political system, the economic system — all are helping the bonded labor owners … I believe in Gandhi’s philosophy of the last man, that is, the bonded laborer is the last man in Indian society, that we are here to liberate the last man.
— Kailash Satyarthi"Malala Yousafzai and Kailash Satyarthi Are Awarded Nobel Peace Prize" by Alan Cowell and Declan Walsh, in The New York Times (10 October 20
Use itGS2: bonded labour and Gandhi's last-man test; structures protecting exploiters.
The claims of the most backward sections like the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, who have suffered neglect and have hard to endure disabilities for many centuries. It would be my proud privilege to work for the establishment of a more just social order.
— Lal Bahadur ShastriUntouchability
Use itGS2: SC/ST welfare; building a just social order for the historically neglected.
No one is born hating another person because of the colour of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.
— Nelson MandelaLong Walk to Freedom (1995)
Use itEssay/GS1 on communalism and racism: hate is learned, love can be taught.
Prejudice is not a failing peculiar to one race, it can and does exist in people of every race and ethnic background. It takes individual effort to root it out of one's heart. In my case my father and mother saw that it never got a start. I shall be forever grateful to them.
— Ronald ReaganAs quoted in "Ronald Reagan and Race" (August 2019), by Jay Nordlinger, National Review
Use itGS1/GS4: prejudice is universal; role of family socialisation in rooting out bias.
Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions: first, they are to be attached to positions and offices open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity; and second, they are to be to the greatest benefit to the least-advantaged members of society.
Use itGS2: difference principle to justify reservations and pro-poor welfare.
I have always thought that all men should be free; but if any should be slaves, it should be first those who desire it for themselves, and secondly, those who desire it for others. When I hear anyone arguing for slavery, I feel a strong impulse to see it tried on him personally.
— Abraham LincolnStatement to an Indiana Regiment passing through Washington (17 March 1865); The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln Volume VIII
Use itEssay on human rights; test any oppressive argument by applying it to its advocate.
Men are like pillow-cases. The colour of one may be red, that of another blue, and that of the third black; but all contain the same cotton within. So it is with man; one is beautiful, another is ugly, a third holy, and a fourth wicked; but the Divine Being dwells in them all. (37)
— RamakrishnaSayings of Sri Ramakrishna (1960)
Use itEssay on human equality; outward differences hide the same essence within all.
..the art of becoming 'rich', in the common sense, is not absolutely nor finally the art of accumulating much money for ourselves, but also of contriving that our neighbour shall have less. In accurate terms, it is 'the art of establishing the maximum inequality in your own favour'.
— John RuskinEssay II: "The Veins of Wealth"
Use itEssay on wealth inequality: riches often mean others having less.
Whenever the legislature attempts to regulate the differences between masters and their workmen, its counsellors are always the masters. When the regulation, therefore, is in favor of the workmen, it is always just and equitable; but it is sometimes otherwise when in favor of the masters.
Use itGS2/GS3 on labour codes; laws risk capture by employers' interests.
There can be no equality or opportunity, the first essential of justice in the body politic, if men and women and children be not shielded in their lives, their very vitality, from the consequences of great industrial and social processes which they can not alter, control, or singly cope with.
— Woodrow WilsonFirst Inaugural Address (4 March 1913)
Use itGS2: social security essential for equality of opportunity.
Improving the opportunities across the board is extremely important to sustain the legitimacy of wealth. If a whole horde of people, whole sections of society don't feel they have the opportunities, then the focus is going to be on those who have it and who have made it and say that is illegitimate.
— Raghuram RajanOn the rising suspicions towards self-made people after the Panama Papers leak, as quoted in "‘Panama Papers’ furore: RBI Guv Raghuram Rajan
Use itEssay on inequality; broad-based opportunity sustains the legitimacy of wealth.
In any country, regardless of what its laws say, wherever people act upon the idea that the disadvantage of one man is the good of another, there slavery exists. Wherever, in any country the whole people feel that the happiness of all is dependent upon the happiness of the weakest, there freedom exists.
— Booker T. WashingtonAn Address on Abraham Lincoln before the Republican Club of New York City (12 February 1909)
Use itEssay on Antyodaya: freedom exists where happiness of all depends on happiness of the weakest.
The point is, there are millions of Americans outside Washington who are tired of stale political arguments and are moving this country forward. They believe, and I believe, that here in America, our success should depend not on accident of birth but the strength of our work ethic and the scope of our dreams.
— Barack ObamaSixth State of the Union Address (January 2014)
Use itEssay on meritocracy: success should depend on effort and dreams, not accident of birth.
I believe in God who made of one blood all races that dwell on earth. I believe that all men, black and brown and white, are brothers, varying through Time and Opportunity, in form and gift and feature, but differing in no essential particular, and alike in soul and in the possibility of infinite development.
Use itEssay on human unity; all races alike in soul and potential.
The needs of a society determine its ethics.
— Maya Angelouoften misquoted as "The needs of society determine its ethics", and with less context than the full statement: "The needs of a society deter
Use itGS4: ethics as socially determined; relativism vs universal values.
In all things, there is neither male nor female.
— Gautama BuddhaVimalakriti Sutra, as quoted by Dr Bettany Hughes Telegraph
Use itGS1/Essay on gender equality: Buddhist teaching transcends male-female distinctions.
Anatomy is not destiny, but it is not irrelevant either.
— Carl SaganChapter 8, “The Future Evolution of the Brain” (p. 199)
Use itGS1 on gender: biology shapes but does not decide social roles or destiny.
Partial freedom seems to me the most invidious form of slavery.
— Edmund BurkeAs quoted in "Is the Party Over?" (2017), by Daniel Ritchie, National Affairs
Use itEssay: partial freedom is the most insidious slavery; freedom must be complete.
You cannot be friends upon any other terms than upon the terms of equality.
— Woodrow WilsonAddress on Latin American Policy before the Southern Commercial Congress Mobile, Alabama (27 October 1913)
Use itGS2 IR/Life: true friendship only on equal terms.
Human trafficking is not a business model, it is a crime, and we are going to stop it.
— Barack ObamaRemarks at Clinton Global Initiative (September 2012)
Use itGS2/GS3 on human trafficking: frame it squarely as crime, not business.
Does being a man make all things forgivable and being a woman all things unforgivable?
— PremchandPortrayal of Women in Premchands Stories A Critique
Use itGS1/Essay on patriarchy; expose double standards in judging men and women.
No man who knows aught, can be so stupid to deny that all men naturally were born free.
— John MiltonTenure of Kings and Magistrates (1649)
Use itEssay on natural rights; open a piece on human dignity and liberty.
I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved.
— B. R. AmbedkarAs quoted in The Ultimate Book of Quotations by Joseph Demakis, p. 415
Use itGS1/Essay on women empowerment: women's progress as measure of a community's progress.
Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in healthcare is the most shocking and inhumane.
— Martin Luther King Jr.Speech to the Second National Convention of the Medical Committee for Human Rights – Chicago (25 March 1966), as quoted in Dan Munro, "Ameri
Use itGS2 on health equity; injustice in healthcare is most inhumane inequality.
While no one liberates himself by his own efforts alone, neither is he liberated by others.
— Paulo FreirePedagogia do oprimido (Pedagogy of the Oppressed) (1968, English trans. 1970) / Chapter 1
Use itEssay on empowerment; liberation needs both self-effort and collective support.
I don't know who my grandfather was; I am much more concerned to know what his grandson will be.
— Abraham LincolnAs quoted in The Early Life of Abraham Lincoln (1896) by Ida Tarbell
Use itEssay on meritocracy; judge people by their conduct, not their lineage.
Truth and Virtue do not necessarily belong to wealth and Power and Distinctions of Big Mansions.
— Ram Mohan RoyQuoted from Goel, S. R. (2016). History of Hindu-Christian encounters, AD 304 to 1996. Chapter 8 ISBN 9788185990354
Use itGS4/Essay: truth and virtue don't belong to wealth, power or mansions.
The rich never go hungry, but the poor are always starving. This is the real tragedy of our society.
— PremchandIn Godaan (1936), Premchand's last and most celebrated novel
Use itEssay/GS3 on inequality and hunger; deprivation of the poor amid plenty is society's tragedy.
My father says that education is neither Eastern or Western. Education is education: it's the right of everyone.
— Malala YousafzaiBBC television interview, Oct 2013
Use itGS2 on right to education; education is universal, neither Eastern nor Western.
We don't want apartheid liberalized. We want it dismantled. You can't improve something that is intrinsically evil.
— Desmond TutuSpeech (1985) as quoted in Equality, Volume 1, Issue 1 (1989)
Use itEssay on caste/untouchability or apartheid; evil systems must be dismantled, not reformed.
Washing one's hands of the conflict between the powerful and the powerless means to side with the powerful, not to be neutral.
— Paulo FreireChapter 10, page 122
Use itGS4: neutrality between powerful and powerless is complicity; justify standing for the vulnerable.
It is when the majorities are denied their right to participate in history as Subjects that they become dominated and alienated.
— Paulo FreirePedagogia do oprimido (Pedagogy of the Oppressed) (1968, English trans. 1970) / Chapter 4
Use itEssay on inclusive democracy; denying participation to the majority breeds alienation.
You may write me down in history With your bitter, twisted lies, You may trod me in the very dirt But still, like dust, I'll rise.
— Maya Angelou"Still I Rise" - Full text online at poets.org
Use itEssay on marginalised voices rising above historical oppression.
The poor themselves can create a poverty-free world — all we have to do is to free them from the chains that we have put around them.
— Muhammad Yunus"Eliminating Poverty Through Market-Based Social Entrepreneurship" in Global Urban Development Magazine (May 2005)
Use itEssay on poverty: empower the poor by removing systemic barriers.
The toad beneath the harrow knows Exactly where each tooth point goes; The butterfly upon the road Preaches contentment to that toad.
— Rudyard KiplingPagett M.P, prelude
Use itGS4: privileged preaching to the suffering; need for empathy over advice.
The inherent vice of capitalism is the unequal sharing of blessings. The inherent virtue of Socialism is the equal sharing of miseries.
— Winston ChurchillSpeech in the House of Commons (October 22, 1945) "Demobilisation"
Use itEssay on economic systems; capitalism's inequality vs socialism's shared poverty.
All for ourselves, and nothing for other people, seems, in every age of the world, to have been the vile maxim of the masters of mankind.
Use itEssay on selfish elites; critique rulers who keep all benefits.
No democracy can long survive which does not accept as fundamental to its very existence the recognition of the rights of its minorities.
— Franklin D. RooseveltLetter to Walter Francis White, president of the NAACP (25 June 1938)
Use itGS2/Essay: minority rights as the test of democracy; link to Articles 29-30.
How can you thank a man for giving you what's already yours? How then can you thank him for giving you only part of what's already yours?
— Malcolm XSpeech in Cleveland, Ohio (April 3, 1964)
Use itEssay on rights vs charity; rights aren't favours to be thankful for.
All men are in need of help and depend on one another. Human solidarity is the necessary condition for the unfolding of any one individual.
Use itEssay on solidarity and welfare state; argue individual flourishing depends on collective support.
It is the duty of a writer to protect and argue in favour of those who are oppressed, sufferers, whether an individual or a group deprived.
— PremchandSpoke in a lecture quoted in page=96
Use itEssay on literature and society; writers must champion the oppressed and deprived.
In short, over the last ten years the Negro decided to straighten his back up, realizing that a man cannot ride your back unless it is bent.
— Martin Luther King Jr.Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? (1967)
Use itLife/Essay: no one can ride your back unless it is bent—assert dignity.
I am a firm believer that any legitimate government has to be based on rule of law and a recognition that all people are equal under the law.
— Barack ObamaRemarks by President Obama and Daw Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma in Joint Press Conference at Aung San Suu Kyi Residence in Rangoon, Burma on No
Use itGS2 on legitimacy: rule of law and equality before law (Art 14).
All truth is eternal. Truth is nobody’s property; no race, no individual can lay any exclusive claim to it. Truth is the nature of all souls.
— Swami VivekanandaPearls of Wisdom
Use itEssay on universal truth: no race or individual owns truth.
One is not born a genius, one becomes a genius; and the feminine situation has up to the present rendered this becoming practically impossible.
— Simone de BeauvoirBk. I, Pt. 2, Ch. 8: Since the French Revolution: the Job and the Vote, p. 133
Use itEssay on gender: genius is made, and women's situation blocks that becoming.
Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human wants. Men have a right that these wants should be provided for by this wisdom.
— Edmund BurkeReflections on the Revolution in France (1790)
Use itGS2/Essay: government exists to meet human needs, which people have a right to.
The only thing that has ever distinguished America among the nations is that she has shown that all men are entitled to the benefits of the law.
— Woodrow WilsonAddress in New York, 14 December 1906
Use itGS2: equality before law as a nation's true distinction.
Call it democracy, or call it democratic socialism, but there must be a better distribution of wealth within this country for all God's children.
— Martin Luther King Jr.Speech to the Negro American Labor Council (May 1965), as quoted in From Civil Rights to Human Rights : Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Str
Use itGS3/Essay on inequality; need better distribution of wealth.
No one truly knows a nation until one has been inside its jails. A nation should not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens but its lowest ones.
— Nelson MandelaLong Walk to Freedom (1995)
Use itGS2: prison reform — judge a nation by how it treats its lowest citizens.
On tight money: It reflects a reversion to the old idea that the tree can be fertilized at the top instead of at the bottom — the old trickle-down theory.
— Harry S. TrumanHarry Truman at the Amalgamated Clothing Workers Convention, Atlantic City (May 13, 1954), Good Old Harry
Use itGS3: critique trickle-down economics; growth must be fertilised at the bottom.
For one true measure of a nation is its success in fulfilling the promise of a better life for each of its members. Let this be the measure of our nation.
— John F. KennedySpecial message to the Congress on National Health Needs (65)" (27 February 1962)
Use itGS3/Essay on inclusive growth; measure a nation by better lives for every member.
No society can function as a society, unless it gives the individual member social status and function, and unless the decisive social power is legitimate.
Use itEssay on social cohesion; society needs dignity for individuals and legitimate power.
Wherever men and women are persecuted because of their race, religion, or political views, that place must at that moment become the center of the universe.
— Elie WieselNobel acceptance speech (1986)
Use itGS2 on human rights: wherever people are persecuted, that becomes the centre of concern.
A fundamental concern for others in our individual and community lives would go a long way in making the world the better place we so passionately dreamt of.
— Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela on selflessness, Kliptown, Soweto, South Africa (12 July 2008). Source: From Nelson Mandela By Himself: The Authorised Book o
Use itGS4: concern for others as the basis of a better world.
The first requisite of civilization, therefore, is that of justice—that is, the assurance that a law once made will not be broken in favour of an individual.
— Sigmund FreudCh. 3, as translated by James Strachey, p.81
Use itGS2: rule of law—laws not bent for individuals is civilisation's first requisite.
The international community . . . allows nearly 3 billion people—almost half of all humanity—to subsist on $2 or less a day in a world of unprecedented wealth.
— Kofi AnnanAwake! magazine, May 22, 2002; Can Globalization Really Solve Our Problems?
Use itEssay on global poverty amid unprecedented wealth.
The society that puts equality before freedom will end up with neither. The society that puts freedom before equality will end up with a great measure of both.
— Milton FriedmanFrom Created Equal, an episode of the PBS Free to Choose television series (1980, vol. 5 transcript)
Use itEssay on liberty vs equality: argue freedom-first produces more of both.
Women should have free access to every field of labor which they care to enter, and when their work is as valuable as that of a man it should be paid as highly.
— Theodore RooseveltChapter V Applied Idealism
Use itGS1 on women's workforce participation: open all fields, equal pay for equal value.
A country is considered the more civilised the more the wisdom and efficiency of its laws hinder a weak man from becoming too weak and a powerful one too powerful.
— Primo LeviIf This Is a Man (1947)
Use itGS2/Essay: civilisation measured by laws that protect the weak and restrain the powerful.
I propose to value them according to their character, and not according to their duties. Each man acquires his character for himself, but accident assigns his duties.
— Seneca the YoungerEpistulae Morales ad Lucilium (Moral Letters to Lucilius) / Letter XLVII: On master and slave
Use itGS4: judge people by character, not job or status; dignity of labour.
No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem. It is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top.
— Booker T. WashingtonChapter XIV: The Atlanta Exposition Address
Use itEssay on dignity of labour: tilling a field as dignified as writing a poem.
As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master. This expresses my idea of democracy. Whatever differs from this, to the extent of the difference, is no democracy.
— Abraham LincolnDefinition of Democracy; see Roy P. Basler, ed., The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, vol. 2 (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Pre
Use itEssay definition of democracy; neither dominate nor be dominated.
The education of the common people requires, perhaps, in a civilized and commercial society, the attention of the public more than that of people of some rank and fortune.
Use itGS2 on public education; state must prioritise educating the common people.
Attempting to liberate the oppressed without their reflective participation in the act of liberation is to treat them as objects that must be saved from a burning building.
— Paulo FreirePedagogia do oprimido (Pedagogy of the Oppressed) (1968, English trans. 1970) / Chapter 1
Use itGS2 on participatory development; beneficiaries must be agents, not passive objects of welfare.
We differ, blind and seeing, one from another, not in our senses, but in the use we make of them, in the imagination and courage with which we seek wisdom beyond the senses.
— Helen KellerThe Five-sensed World (1910)
Use itEssay on disability: people differ not in senses but in imagination and courage.
The principle that adequate health care should be provided for all, regardless of ability to pay, must be the foundation of any arrangements for financing the Health Service.
— Margaret ThatcherPrime Minister's Questions (1 December 1981)
Use itGS2 on universal health coverage; care for all regardless of ability to pay.
I don't pity any man who does hard work worth doing. I admire him. I pity the creature who does not work, at whichever end of the social scale he may regard himself as being.
— Theodore RooseveltRemarks to the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen in Chattanooga, Tennessee (8 September 1902)
Use itEssay on dignity of labour: admire hard work; pity idleness at any social level.
Democracy has to be judged not just by the institutions that formally exist but by the extent to which different voices from diverse sections of the people can actually be heard.
— Amartya Senp. xiii
Use itGS2/Essay on substantive democracy; judge by whether diverse voices are heard.
The outstanding faults of the economic society in which we live are its failure to provide for full employment and its arbitrary and inequitable distribution of wealth and incomes.
Use itGS3: unemployment and inequality as core failures of economy; intro to inclusive growth.
Poverty has been created by the economic and social system that we have designed for the world. It is the institutions that we have built, and feel so proud of, which created poverty.
— Muhammad Yunus"Eliminating Poverty Through Market-Based Social Entrepreneurship" in Global Urban Development Magazine (May 2005)
Use itGS3/Essay: poverty is created by institutions, not by the poor.
As soon as the land of any country has all become private property, the landlords, like all other men, love to reap where they never sowed, and demand a rent even for its natural produce.
Use itGS3 land reforms; critique absentee landlordism and rent-seeking.
Actually, the problem for the world as a whole is not how to distribute such wealth that exists but how to increase production, without which economic equality merely means common misery.
— George OrwellReview. The Soul of Man under Socialism by Oscar Wilde. Observer, 9 May 1948
Use itGS3/Essay: growth vs redistribution debate; without production, equality means shared misery.
People crushed by law, have no hopes but from power. If laws are their enemies, they will be enemies to laws; and those who have much to hope and nothing to lose, will always be dangerous.
— Edmund BurkeLetter to Charles James Fox (8 October 1777)
Use itGS3 on Left Wing Extremism: people crushed by unjust laws turn against law.
People—communities, castes, races and even countries—carry their tragic histories and their misfortunes around like trophies, or like stock, to be bought and sold on the open market. (p198)
— Arundhati RoyThe Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017)
Use itEssay on identity politics: caution against communities trading on historical grievance and victimhood.
I do not demand equal pay for any women save those who do equal work in value. Scorn to be coddled by your employers; make them understand that you are in their service as workers, not as women.
— Susan B. AnthonyThe Revolution, Women's Suffrage Newspaper (8 October 1868)
Use itGS1 on gender pay gap: equal pay for equal work, as workers not as women.
It looks to me to be narrow and pedantic to apply the ordinary ideas of criminal justice to this great public contest. I do not know the method of drawing up an indictment against a whole people.
— Edmund BurkeSecond Speech on Conciliation with America (1775)
Use itGS2/GS4: reject collective punishment; you cannot indict a whole people.
If there is to be support for trade globalization in the developed world, we must make sure that the benefits and costs are more evenly shared, which will entail more progressive income taxation.
Use itGS3: globalisation backlash; share gains via progressive taxation.
The abolition of the evil is not impossible; it ought never therefore to be despaired of. Every plan should be adopted, every experiment tried, which may do something towards the ultimate object.
— Thomas JeffersonLetter to Frances Wright (1825)
Use itEssay on social evils: never despair; try every experiment toward abolition.
Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. Therefore, no American can afford to be apathetic about the problem of racial justice. It is a problem that meets every man at his front door.
— Martin Luther King Jr.The Rising Tide of Racial Consciousnes (1960)
Use itEssay: injustice anywhere threatens justice everywhere—no room for apathy.
They cannot degrade Frederick Douglass. The soul that is within me no man can degrade. I am not the one that is being degraded on account of this treatment, but those who are inflicting it upon me…
— Frederick DouglassUpon being forced to leave a train car due to his color, as quoted in Up from Slavery (1901), Ch. VI: "Black Race And Red Race, the penalty
Use itGS4/Essay: human dignity is inviolable; those who discriminate degrade themselves, not victims.
Tolerance is not a Sapiens trademark. In modern times, a small difference in skin colour, dialect or religion has been enough to prompt one group of Sapiens to set about exterminating another group.
— Yuval Noah HarariSapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (2011) / Chapter 1: "An Animal of No Significance"
Use itEssay on intolerance; small differences have triggered genocides.
It is arrogance in us to call frankness, fairness and chivalry 'masculine' when we see them in a woman; it is arrogance in them, to describe a man's sensitiveness or tact or tenderness as 'feminine'.
Use itGS1/Essay on gender stereotypes; argue virtues are human, not masculine or feminine.
I sit on a man's back, choking him, and making him carry me, and yet assure myself and others that I am very sorry for him and wish to ease his lot by any means possible, except getting off his back.
— Leo TolstoyWritings on Civil Disobedience and Nonviolence (1886)
Use itGS4: hypocrisy of privilege; sympathy without giving up exploitation.
Society cares about the individual only in so far as he is profitable. The young know this. Their anxiety as they enter in upon social life matches the anguish of the old as they are excluded from it.
— Simone de BeauvoirConclusion, p. 543
Use itGS1 on ageing and youth: society values individuals only when profitable.
Science has adapted itself entirely to the wealthy classes and accordingly has set itself to heal those who can afford everything, and it prescribes the same methods for those who have nothing to spare.
— Leo TolstoyWhat then must we do? (1886)
Use itGS2: health equity; science and medicine serving only the rich.
The Agricultural Revolution... enlarged the... total... food.., but the extra food did not translate into a better diet or more leisure. ...[I]t translated into population explosion and pampered elites.
— Yuval Noah HarariSapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (2011) / Chapter 5: "History's Biggest Fraud"
Use itGS1/Essay: Agricultural Revolution's surplus fed population and elites, not well-being.
I am uncompromising in the matter of woman's rights. In my opinion she should labour under no legal disability not suffered by man, I should treat the daughters and sons on a footing of perfect equality.
— Mahatma GandhiMohandas Gandhi, 17th October 1929. Quoted in Gandhi: The Essential Writings. Judith M. Brown, Oxford University Press, 1998 (pp. 228-9). Al
Use itGS1 on women's empowerment; no legal disability for women, equality of sons and daughters.
We can't leave people in abject poverty, so we need to raise the standard of living for 80% of the world's people, while bringing it down considerably for the 20% who are destroying our natural resources.
— Jane GoodallSubject: Jane Goodall, primatologist and conservationist, interviewed at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002)
Use itGS3/Essay on climate justice; lift the poor while curbing overconsumption by the rich.
The direct elimination of poverty should be the objective of all development aid. Development should be viewed as a human rights issue, not as a question of simply increasing the gross national product GNP.
— Muhammad YunusQuote 270: Professor Muhammad Yunus, Poverty, Quotes. https://muhammadyunus.org
Use itGS3: development as a human rights issue, not GDP growth alone.
South Africa needs all its people black and white; young and old; Christian, Muslim, Hindu or Jewish. There is a place for all of us provided we have the courage to work together to build that common future.
— Nelson MandelaAddress to the 37th Congress of the South African Jewish Board of Deputies
Use itEssay on unity in diversity: a place for all who work together.
In brief, all this Mammon-Gospel, of Supply-and-demand, Competition, Laissez-faire, and Devil take the hindmost, begins to be one of the shabbiest Gospels ever preached on Earth; or altogether the shabbiest.
— Thomas CarlylePast and Present (1843)
Use itGS3 on laissez-faire: unchecked markets and devil-take-the-hindmost as shabby creed.
The silent colossal National Lie that is the support and confederate of all the tyrannies and shams and inequalities and unfairnesses that afflict the peoples — that is the one to throw bricks and sermons at.
— Mark Twain"My First Lie, and How I Got Out of It", in The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg and Other Stories and Essays (1900)
Use itEssay: collective silent lies sustain tyrannies and inequalities.
I mean, what is a woman? I assure you, I do not know. I do not believe that you know. I do not believe that anybody can know until she has expressed herself in all the arts and professions open to human skill.
— Virginia Woolf"Professions for Women"
Use itGS1/Essay on women's empowerment; women's potential known only when all professions open to them.
We also know that populism can take dangerous turns -– from the extremism of those who would use democracy to deny minority rights, to the nationalism that left so many scars on this continent in the 20th century.
— Barack ObamaRemarks by the President to Parliament in London, United Kingdom (May 2011)
Use itGS2 on majoritarianism: populism can turn democracy against minority rights.
What moves us, reasonably enough, is not the realization that the world falls short of being completely just – which few of us expect – but that there are clearly remediable injustices around us which we want to eliminate.
— Amartya SenPreface
Use itEssay on justice; focus on remediable injustices, not perfect justice.
Habit is thus the enormous fly-wheel of society, its most precious conservative agent. It alone is what keeps us all within the bounds of ordinance, and saves the children of fortune from the envious uprisings of the poor.
Use itGS1/Essay: habit preserves social order and also status quo inequality.
A girl has the power to go forward in her life. And she’s not only a mother, she’s not only a sister, she’s not only a wife. But a girl has the – she should have an identity. She should be recognized and she has equal rights as a boy.
— Malala YousafzaiNobel Peace Prize Winner Speech (October 10, 2014)
Use itGS1 on women's identity; a girl is more than roles—she deserves equal rights.
Voters should consider them, but without illusions about the political parties, and with the recognition that consistenly over the centuries, progressive legislation and social welfare have been won by popular struggles, not gifts from above.
— Noam ChomskyAbout elections
Use itGS2: social welfare won by popular struggle, not gifts from above.
The 400 of us pay a lower part of our income in taxes than our receptionists do, or our cleaning ladies, for that matter. If you're in the luckiest 1 percent of humanity, you owe it to the rest of humanity to think about the other 99 percent.
— Warren BuffettSpeaking at a political fundraiser for Hillary Rodham Clinton in New York, as quoted in Henry Goldman, "Buffett, at Clinton Fund-Raiser, Say
Use itGS3: progressive taxation; the privileged owe something to the rest.
The future of any country which is dependent upon the will and wisdom of its citizens is damaged, and irreparably damaged, whenever any of its children is not educated to the full extent of his talent, from grade school through graduate school.
— John F. KennedyThird State of the Union Address
Use itGS2 on RTE/dropouts; every child not fully educated damages the nation.
A great stock, though with small profits, generally increases faster than a small stock with great profits. Money, says the proverb, makes money. When you have a little, it is often easier to get more. The great difficulty is to get that little.
Use itGS3/Essay on inequality and financial inclusion; capital begets capital.
Unlike a drop of water which loses its identity when it joins the ocean, man does not lose his being in the society in which he lives. Man's life is independent. He is born not for the development of the society alone, but for the development of his self.
— B. R. AmbedkarAs quoted in Book Of Happiness, by Jagdish Gupta
Use itEssay on individual vs society: humans retain individuality; self-development matters.
Misery and poverty are so absolutely degrading, and exercise such a paralysing effect over the nature of men, that no class is ever really conscious of its own suffering. They have to be told of it by other people, and they often entirely disbelieve them.
— Oscar WildeThe Soul of Man Under Socialism (1891)
Use itGS1/3: poverty paralyses awareness of one's own suffering; need for advocacy.
I. The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities, that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state.
Use itGS3 taxation; progressive tax according to ability to pay.
Humankind is made up of two sexes, women and men. Is it possible for humankind to grow by the improvement of only one part while the other part is ignored? Is it possible that if half of a mass is tied to earth with chains that the other half can soar into skies?
— Mustafa Kemal AtatürkAs quoted in "Atatürk" in Images of a Divided World (29 October 2006)
Use itEssay on gender equality: humanity cannot rise if half is chained.
Given our interdependence, any world order that elevates one nation or group of people over another will inevitably fail. So whatever we think of the past, we must not be prisoners to it. Our problems must be dealt with through partnership; progress must be shared.
— Barack ObamaA New Beginning (June 2009)
Use itGS2 on multilateralism: interdependent world needs partnership and shared progress.
No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin or his background or his religion. ... People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love. ... For love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.
— Barack Obamahttps://twitter.com/BarackObama/status/896523357272911872 Speaking via twitter on August 13, 2017 in response to the 2017 Unite the Right ra
Use itEssay on prejudice: hate is learned, so love can be taught.
Vainly you talk about voting it down. When you have cast your millions of ballots, you have not reached the evil. It has fastened its root deep into the heart of the nation, and nothing but God’s truth and love can cleanse the land. We must change the moral sentiment.
— Frederick DouglassLove of God, Love of Man, Love of Country (October 22, 1847), Delivered at Market Hall, New York City, New York
Use itGS1/Essay: laws alone can't end social evils like dowry or caste; moral sentiment must change.
The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions.
— John LockeSecond Treatise of Government, Ch. II, sec. 6
Use itGS2 on natural rights; all equal, none may harm another's life, liberty or property.
I do not believe in the doctrine of the greatest number. It means in its nakedness that in order to achieve the supposed good of 51 per cent the interests of 49 per cent may be, or rather, should be sacrificed. It is a heartless doctrine and has done harm to humanity.
— Mahatma GandhiThe Dairy of Mahadev Desai, (June 4, 1932) p. 149
Use itGS4 critique of utilitarianism; majority good can't justify sacrificing minority interests.
Our country—this great republic—means nothing unless it means the triumph of a real democracy, the triumph of popular government, and, in the long run, of an economic system under which each man shall be guaranteed the opportunity to show the best that there is in him.
— Theodore RooseveltThe New Nationalism (1910)
Use itEssay on democracy: real democracy guarantees opportunity for each to show their best.
It is only through multilateral institutions that States can hold each other to account. And that makes it very important to organize those institutions in a fair and democratic way, giving the poor and the weak some influence over the actions of the rich and the strong.
— Kofi AnnanTruman Library address (2006)
Use itGS2: reform multilateral institutions to give the weak a voice.
We believe in freedom with a passion that only those who have been denied it for so long can understand it, We believe in equality because so many in our nation have been denied for so long, we believe in human worth for that is the basis for all our current work in India.
Use itEssay on Indian democracy; colonial denial fuels India's passion for freedom and equality.
An unjust law is a code that a majority inflicts on a minority that is not binding on itself. This is difference made legal. On the other hand a just law is a code that a majority compels a minority to follow that it is willing to follow itself. This is sameness made legal.
Use itGS4/GS2: unjust law binds minority, not majority—difference made legal.
In part, free trade has not worked because we have not tried it: trade agreements of the past have been neither free nor fair. They have been asymmetric, opening up markets in the developing countries to goods from the advanced industrial countries without full reciprocation.
Use itGS2: WTO critique; trade deals asymmetric against developing countries.
The world can no longer accept, the world can no longer accept that basic education is enough. Why do leaders accept that for children in developing countries, only basic literacy is sufficient, when their own children do homework in Algebra, Mathematics, Science and Physics?
— Malala YousafzaiNobel Peace Prize Lecture (December 10, 2014)
Use itGS2 on quality education; basic literacy isn't enough for developing nations.
A man must always live by his work, and his wages must at least be sufficient to maintain him. They must even upon most occasions be somewhat more, otherwise it would be impossible for him to bring up a family, and the race of such workmen could not last beyond the first generation.
— Adam SmithChapter VIII, p. 81
Use itGS3 on minimum or living wage; wages must sustain workers' families.
Every man shall be entitled to a sound and objective education and there shall be genuine equality of opportunity. Education shall be a matter of environment as well as of instruction, and everyone shall be entitled to an education untouched by the interests of any party or religion.
— H. G. WellsThe Rights of Man, or what are we fighting for? (1940)
Use itGS2/Essay: right to objective education with equal opportunity, free of party or religious agendas.
Every country and every culture has traditions that are unique and help make that country what it is. But just because something is a part of your past doesn’t make it right. It doesn’t mean that it defines your future. [...] Just because something is a tradition doesn’t make it right.
— Barack ObamaRemarks to the Kenyan People (July 2015)
Use itGS1 on social evils: tradition does not make a practice right.
In my opinion, a society that aims for equality before liberty will end up with neither equality nor liberty. A society that aims first for liberty will not end up with equality, but it will end up with a closer approach to equality than any other kind of system that has ever been developed.
— Milton Friedman“Milton Friedman Speaks: The Role of Government in a Free Society ” (1978)
Use itEssay: liberty vs equality debate — Friedman's position for balance.
Education is an important element in the struggle for human rights. It is the means to help our children and our people rediscover their identity and thereby increase their self respect. Education is our passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs only to the people who prepare for it today.
— Malcolm XSpeech at Founding Rally of the Organization of Afro-American Unity (28 June 1964), as quoted in By Any Means Necessary (1970)
Use itEssay: education is a passport to the future—tomorrow belongs to those who prepare today.
The right of voting for representatives is the primary right by which other rights are protected. To take away this right is to reduce a man to slavery, for slavery consists in being subject to the will of another, and he that has not a vote in the election of representatives is in this case.
— Thomas PaineFirst Principles of Government (1795)
Use itGS2 on universal adult franchise: vote is the right protecting all rights.
As human soldiers and workers give way to algorithms, at least some elites may conclude that there is no point in providing improved or even standard levels of health for masses of useless poor people, and it is far more sensible to focus on upgrading a handful of superhumans beyond the norm.
— Yuval Noah HarariHomo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow (2016)
Use itEssay on AI and inequality; risk elites abandon welfare of the masses.
People who live in the post-totalitarian system know only too well that the question of whether one or several political parties are in power, and how these parties define and label themselves, is of far less importance than the question of whether or not it is possible to live like a human being.
— Václav HavelLiving in Truth (1986) / The Power of the Powerless
Use itEssay on human dignity; what matters is living like a human being, not party labels.
Doors are opening now that were not open in the past, and the great challenge facing minority groups is to be ready to enter these doors as they open. No greater tragedy could befall us at this hour but that of allowing new opportunities to emerge with out the concomitant preparedness to meet them.
— Martin Luther King Jr.The Rising Tide of Racial Consciousnes (1960)
Use itEssay on opportunity: tragedy is opportunity without preparedness.
At least since the Agricultural Revolution, most human societies have been patriarchal societies that valued men more highly than women. ... Fewer resources are invested in the health and education of women; they have fewer economic opportunities, less political power, and less freedom of movement.
— Yuval Noah HarariSapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (2011) / Chapter 8: "There Is No Justice in History"
Use itGS1: patriarchy limits women's health, education, economic and political power.
Islam does not command narrowmindedness and racial and religious prejudice. It does not make the recognition of merit and virtue, of human benevolence, mercy and love dependent upon and subject to distinctions of religion and race. It teaches us to respect every man who is good, whatever his religion.
— Abul Kalam AzadAl-Hilal, Nos. 14-15, Vol. II, April 9-16, 1913, as quoted in Rajmohan Gandhi, Eight Lives: A Study of the Hindu-Muslim Encounter (1986), p.
Use itEssay on secularism; respect goodness irrespective of religion or race.
There are 14 or 15 million Americans who have the resources to have representatives in Washington to protect their interests, and that the interests of the great mass of the other people — the 150 or 160 million — is the responsibility of the president of the United States, and I propose to fulfill it.
— Harry S. TrumanAs quoted by John F. Kennedy in an address in Atlantic City at the Convention of the United Auto Workers (8 May 1962) As reported in the Rea
Use itGS2: lobbies protect the powerful few; government must champion the unrepresented majority.
One of the wonderful things about the information highway is that virtual equity is far easier to achieve than real-world equity...We are all created equal in the virtual world and we can use this equality to help address some of the sociological problems that society has yet to solve in the physical world,
— Bill GatesThe Road Ahead (1995)
Use itEssay on digital inclusion: the virtual world can deliver equity the physical world hasn't.
Agitators are a set of interfering, meddling people, who come down to some perfectly contented class of the community, and sow the seeds of discontent amongst them. That is the reason why agitators are so absolutely necessary. Without them, in our incomplete state, there would be no advance towards civilisation.
— Oscar WildeThe Soul of Man Under Socialism (1891)
Use itEssay on social reform: agitators sow productive discontent essential to progress.
The Secretary General, in a very real sense, is the servant of the General Assembly. Diminish his authority and you diminish the authority of the only body where all nations, regardless of power, are equal and sovereign. Until all the powerful are just, the weak will be secure only in the strength of this Assembly.
— John F. KennedyUN speech
Use itGS2 on UN reform; the UN protects the weak until all powerful nations are just.
What, in unenlightened societies, colour, race, religion, or in the case of a conquered country, nationality, are to some men, sex is to all women; a peremptory exclusion from almost all honourable occupations, but either such as cannot be fulfilled by others, or such as those others do not think worthy of their acceptance.
Use itGS1: gender as universal exclusion, akin to race or caste; women's empowerment intro.
When the rate of return on capital exceeds the rate of growth of output and income, as it did in the nineteenth century and seems quite likely to do again in the twenty-first, capitalism automatically generates arbitrary and unsustainable inequalities that radically undermine the meritocratic values on which democratic societies are based.
Use itGS3 on inequality: when r>g, capitalism breeds inequality undermining meritocracy.
Throughout history, societies have suffered from two kinds of poverty: social poverty... withholds from some... the opportunities available to others; and biological poverty... puts... life... at risk due to lack of food and shelter. Perhaps social poverty can never be eradicated, but in many countries... biological poverty is a thing of the past.
— Yuval Noah HarariSapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (2011) / Chapter 14: "The Discovery of Ignorance"
Use itGS3/Essay: distinguish social poverty (opportunity) from biological poverty (survival).
In the beginning, the liberal story cared mainly about the liberties and privileges of middle-class European men, and seemed blind to the plight of working-class people, women, minorities and non-Westerners. When in 1918 victorious Britain and France talked excitedly about liberty, they were not thinking about the subjects of their worldwide empires.
— Yuval Noah Harari21 Lessons for the 21st Century (2018)
Use itGS1/Essay: early liberalism excluded workers, women, colonies.
All democracies, especially in developing countries that have considerable diversities and carry the burden of developmental imbalances, have had to grapple with one paramount challenge and that is : how to harmonies’ the legitimate self – assertion of communities that suffered deprivation and dis-empowerment in the past with imperatives of good governance.
— Atal Bihari VajpayeeNew Delhi, January 22, 2003
Use itGS2 on reservations/affirmative action: balance empowerment of deprived groups with good governance.

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