Media, Speech & Public Opinion quotes for UPSC & State PCS
161 sourced quotes on press, free speech, propaganda and public opinion, each with a use case for GS4, Essay and interviews. Thinkers include George Orwell, Edmund Burke, Winston Churchill, Alexis de Tocqueville, Voltaire, Thomas Jefferson.
✓ Sourced and attributed · 72 for GS4 · 137 for Essay
A very great part of the mischiefs that vex the world arises from words.
— Edmund BurkeLetter to Richard Burke post 19 February 1792 (1792), in R. B. McDowell and William B. Todd (eds), The Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke
Use itEssay on hate speech: much of the world's mischief springs from words.
To suppress free speech is a double wrong. It violates the rights of the hearer as well as those of the speaker.
— Frederick DouglassA Plea For Free Speech in Boston (10 December 1860), as contained in Words That Changed America, Alex Barnett, Rowman & Littlefield (reprint
Use itGS2 on Article 19: censorship wrongs both speaker and listener.
So little pains do the vulgar take in the investigation of truth, accepting readily the first story that comes to hand.
— ThucydidesVariant translation: "...the search for truth strains the patience of most people, who would rather believe the first things that come to ha
Use itEssay on fake news: people accept the first story without verifying.
What is needed is the right to print what one believes to be true, without having to fear bullying or blackmail from any side.
— George Orwell1946 exchange with Randall Swingler; quoted in Every Intellectual's Big Brother: George Orwell's Literary Siblings, John Rodden, University
Use itGS2 on press freedom: journalists must publish truth without fear of bullying or blackmail.
Newspapers are the second hand of history. This hand, however, is usually not only of inferior metal to the other hands, it also seldom works properly.
Translation: In order to enjoy the inestimable benefits that the liberty of the press ensures, it is necessary to submit to the inevitable evils it creates.
I know not whether more is to be dreaded from streets filled with soldiers accustomed to plunder, or from garrets filled with scribblers accustomed to lies.
How absurd men are! They never use the liberties they have, they demand those they do not have. They have freedom of thought, they demand freedom of speech.
The suppression of uncomfortable ideas may be common in religion and politics, but it is not the path to knowledge; it has no place in the endeavor of science.
I really do inhabit a system in which words are capable of shaking the entire structure of government, where words can prove mightier than ten military divisions.
— Václav HavelSpeech of October 1989, accepting a peace prize
Use itEssay on free speech; words can topple regimes more than armies.
The tongue is like a sharp knife, it kills without drawing blood; words in the hands of someone skilled can do more damage than a weapon in the hands of a warrior.
— Gautama BuddhaM. Walshe, trans. (1987), Sutta 1, verse 5
Use itGS4/Essay on hate speech and trolling: words wound deeper than weapons.
The responsibility of the writer as a moral agent is to try to bring the truth about matters of human significance to an audience that can do something about them.
While, legally and constitutionally, speech may be free, the space in which that freedom can be exercised has been snatched from us and auctioned to the highest bidders.
In a free society, a government has no business using the power of the law or the taxpayer's money to propagandize for some views and to prevent the transmission of others.
We value virtue but do not discuss it. The honest bookkeeper, the faithful wife, the earnest scholar get little of our attention compared to the embezzler, the tramp, the cheat.
The picture of the world that's presented to the public has only the remotest relation to reality. The truth of the matter is buried under edifice after edifice of lies upon lies.
— Noam Chomsky1990–1994 / Media Control: The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda, (1991)
Use itEssay on propaganda: public image of the world often distorted from reality.
A journalist is a grumbler, a censurer, a giver of advice, a regent of sovereigns, a tutor of nations. Four hostile newspapers are more to be feared than an hundred thousand bayonets.
— NapoleonAppears to be fabricated as it is not known from surviving print before 19 March 1845 when it appeared in Mississippi Democrat in an article
If one has no affection for a person or a system, one should feel free to give the fullest expression to his disaffection so long as he does not contemplate, promote, or incite violence.
— Mahatma GandhiStatement during his trial for "exciting disaffection toward His Majesty's Government as established by law in India" (18 March 1922)
Use itGS2 on sedition debate; dissent is legitimate unless it incites violence.
People can tell you to keep your mouth shut, but it doesn't stop you having your own opinions. Even if people are still very young, they shouldn't be prevented from saying what they think.
There are those who blame the Press, but in this I think they are mistaken. The Press is such as the public demands, and the public demands bad newspapers because it has been badly educated.
England has done one thing; it has invented and established Public Opinion, which is an attempt to organize the ignorance of the community, and to elevate it to the dignity of physical force.
In the United States, the majority undertakes to supply a multitude of ready-made opinions for the use of individuals, who are thus relieved from the necessity of forming opinions of their own.
The fact is, that the public have an insatiable curiosity to know everything, except what is worth knowing. Journalism, conscious of this, and having tradesmanlike habits, supplies their demands
— Oscar WildeThe Soul of Man Under Socialism (1891)
Use itEssay on media: public curiosity vs what is worth knowing; sensationalism.
Media people should have long noses like an elephant to smell out politicians, mayors, prime ministers and businessmen. We need to know the reality, the good and the bad, not just the appearance.
— Dalai Lama (14th)News conference in Vancouver, B.C. as quoted in The Globe and Mail. (8 September 2006)
Use itGS2/Essay on watchdog journalism; media must sniff out the powerful's reality.
There is nothing in the world like a persuasive speech to fuddle the mental apparatus and upset the convictions and debauch the emotions of an audience not practised in the tricks and delusions of oratory.
— Mark Twain"The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg", ch. III, in The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg and Other Stories and Essays (1900)
Use itEssay on demagoguery; persuasive oratory can cloud an unpractised audience's judgment.
We all do no end of feeling, and we mistake it for thinking. And out of it we get an aggregation which we consider a boon. Its name is public opinion. It is held in reverence. Some think it the voice of God.
Ion is... a parrhesiastes, i.e., the sort... so valuable to democracy or monarchy since he is courageous enough to explain either to the demos or to the king just what the short-comings of their life really are.
— Michel FoucaultFearless Speech (2001) / 2. Parrhesia in Euripides
Use itGS4/Essay: courageous advisers who tell rulers the truth are vital to democracy.
Everyone is in favour of free speech. Hardly a day passes without its being extolled, but some people's idea of it is that they are free to say what they like, but if anyone says anything back, that is an outrage
— Winston Churchill"The Coalmining Situation", Speech to the House of Commons (October 13, 1943)
Use itGS2/Essay: free speech includes tolerating reply and criticism.
One of the objects of a newspaper is to understand popular feeling and to give expression to it; another is to arouse among the people certain desirable sentiments; and the third is fearlessly to expose popular defects.
Before mass leaders seize the power to fit reality to their lies, their propaganda is marked by its extreme contempt for facts as such, for in their opinion fact depends entirely on the power of man who can fabricate it.
Better than a thousand hollow words Is one word that brings peace. Better than a thousand hollow verses Is one verse that brings peace.Better than a hundred hollow lines Is one line of the law, bringing peace. (Verse 100)
The so-called Facebook and Twitter revolutions in the Arab world started in hopeful online communities, but once they emerged into the messy offline world, they were commandeered by religious fanatics and military juntas.
The flying Rumours gather'd as they roll'd, Scarce any Tale was sooner heard than told; And all who told it, added something new, And all who heard it, made Enlargements too, In ev'ry Ear it spread, on ev'ry Tongue it grew.
I do not say this, that I think there should be no difference of opinions in conversation, nor opposition in men's discourses... 'Tis not the owning one's dissent from another, that I speak against, but the manner of doing it.
Political language — and with variations this is true of all political parties, from Conservatives to Anarchists — is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind.
— George OrwellPolitics and the English Language (1946)
Use itEssay on political rhetoric and euphemism: language that makes lies sound true.
Even in ordinary times there are very few of us who do not see the problems of life as through a glass, darkly; and when the glass is clouded by the murk of furious popular passion, the vision of the best and the bravest is dimmed.
If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind.
— John Stuart MillCh. II: Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion
Use itEssay on free speech: even a lone dissenter must not be silenced.
I am far from denying that newspapers in democratic countries lead citizens to do very ill-considered things in common; but without newspapers there would be hardly any common action at all. So they mend many more ills than they cause.
And it taught a lesson: State propaganda, when supported by the educated classes and when no deviation is permitted from it, can have a big effect. It was a lesson learned by Hitler and many others, and it has been pursued to this day.
— Noam Chomsky1990–1994 / Media Control: The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda, (1991)
Use itEssay on propaganda: state propaganda backed by elites shapes minds.
Opinion is like a pendulum and obeys the same law. If it goes past the centre of gravity on one side, it must go a like distance on the other; and it is only after a certain time that it finds the true point at which it can remain at rest.
— Arthur SchopenhauerVol. 2 "Further Psychological Observations" as translated in Essays and Aphorisms (1970), as translated by R. J. Hollingdale
Use itEssay on public opinion; swings to extremes before settling at balance.
The President of a great democracy such as ours, and the editors of great newspapers such as yours, owe a common obligation to the people: an obligation to present the facts, to present them with candor, and to present them in perspective.
— John F. KennedyAddress before the American Society of Newspaper Editors
Use itGS2/GS4: government and press share duty to present facts with candour and perspective.
For certainly it is excellent discipline for an author to feel that he must say all he has to say in the fewest possible words, or his reader is sure to skip them; and in the plainest possible words, or his reader will certainly misunderstand them.
With public sentiment, nothing can fail; without it nothing can succeed. Consequently he who moulds public sentiment, goes deeper than he who enacts statutes or pronounces decisions. He makes statutes and decisions possible or impossible to be executed.
— Abraham LincolnFirst debate with Stephen Douglas Ottawa, Illinois (21 August 1858)
Use itGS2/Essay on public opinion; laws succeed only with public support, e.g. behaviour change.
It is never my custom to use words lightly. If twenty-seven years in prison have done anything to us, it was to use the silence of solitude to make us understand how precious words are and how real speech is in its impact on the way people live and die.
— Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela on words, Closing address 13th International Aids Conference, Durban, South Africa (14 July 2000). Source: From Nelson Mandel
Use itGS4: weigh words carefully; responsibility of public speech.
The Assembly has witnessed over the last weeks how historical truth is established; once an allegation has been repeated a few times, it is no longer an allegation, it is an established fact, even if no evidence has been brought out in order to support it.
— Dag HammarskjöldOn accusations by Nikita Khrushchev, as quoted in The Times [London] (4 October 1960)
Use itEssay on fake news; repetition turns allegations into 'facts' without evidence.
Part of what happened is that whole ecosystem moved onto social media. And once it's on social media and it's on an algorithm, and everybody's just getting their news selected, essentially to suit their biases. Penetrating that is real tough. It is very hard.
— Barack Obama"3 Presidents" on SmartLess, found on DeepCast (29 April 2024)
Use itGS3 on social media: algorithms feed news to suit biases, creating echo chambers.
Rhetoric, it seems, is a producer of persuasion for belief, not for instruction in the matter of right and wrong … And so the rhetorician's business is not to instruct a law court or a public meeting in matters of right and wrong, but only to make them believe.
Don't join the book burners. Don't think you are going to conceal faults by concealing evidence that they ever existed. Don't be afraid to go in your library and read every book, as long as that document does not offend our own ideas of decency. That should be the only censorship.
— Dwight D. EisenhowerRemarks at the Dartmouth College Commencement Exercises (14 June 1953)
Use itEssay on censorship: hiding evidence of faults never fixes them; read freely.
A typical vice of American politics — the avoidance of saying anything real on real issues, and the announcement of radical policies with much sound and fury, and at the same time with a cautious accompaniment of weasel phrases each of which sucks the meat out of the preceding statement.
— Theodore Roosevelt"Platform Insincerity" in The Outlook, Vol. 101, No. 13 (27 July 1912), p. 660
Use itGS4 on political rhetoric: evasion and weasel words hollow out public discourse.
The lesson is clear: estimates of causes of death are warped by media coverage. [...] The world in our heads is not a precise replica of reality; our expectations about the frequency of events are distorted by the prevalence and emotional intensity of the messages to which we are exposed.
— Daniel KahnemanCh. 13, "Availability, emotion, and risk" p. 138
Use itEssay on media and risk perception; coverage distorts our sense of reality.
Men with the muckrake are often indispensable to the well-being of society, but only if they know when to stop raking the muck, and to look upward to the celestial crown above them. ... If they gradually grow to feel that the whole world is nothing but muck their power of usefulness is gone.
— Theodore RooseveltAddress on the laying of the cornerstone of the House Office Building, Washington, D.C. (14 April 1906)
Use itEssay on investigative journalism: exposing wrongs is vital, but cynicism kills usefulness.
As to Macarthur, I don't feel in a position to have clear opinions about anyone I know only from newspapers. You see, whenever they deal with anyone (or anything) I know myself, I find they're always a mass of lies & misunderstandings: so I conclude they're no better in the places where I don't know.
— C. S. LewisLetter to Mrs. Mary Van Deusen (30 April 1951); in Collected Letters of C. S. Lewis, vol. 3: "Narnia, Cambridge, and Joy, 1950-1963", p. 114
Use itEssay on media trust: don't form firm opinions of people known only through newspapers.
Freedom of speech is a principal pillar of a free government; when this support is taken away, the constitution of a free society is dissolved, and tyranny is erected on its ruins. Republics and limited monarchies derive their strength and vigor from a popular examination into the action of the magistrates.
— Benjamin Franklin"On Freedom of Speech and the Press", Pennsylvania Gazette (17 November 1737)
Use itGS2 on Art 19: free speech as pillar of free government; scrutiny of officials keeps republics vigorous.
The shifty language of politics,... that strange language full of Maya and falsities of self-illusion and deliberate delusion of others, which almost immediately turns all true and vivid phrases into a jargon, so that men may fight in a cloud of words without any clear sense of the thing they are battling for....
There is an almost universal tendency, perhaps an inborn tendency, to suspect the good faith of a man who holds opinions that differ from our own opinions. ... It obviously endangers the freedom and the objectivity of our discussion if we attack a person instead of attacking an opinion or, more precisely, a theory.
— Karl Popper"The Importance of Critical Discussion" in On the Barricades: Religion and Free Inquiry in Conflict (1989) by Robert Basil
Use itGS4: civil discourse; attack arguments, not persons.
To speak of atrocious crime in mild language is treason to virtue.
— Edmund BurkeAttributed in Captain William Kidd: And Others of the Pirates Or Buccaneers who Ravaged the Seas, the Islands, and the Continents of America
Use itGS4: describing atrocities in soft language betrays virtue; call evil by its name.
The difference between the almost right word and the right word is really a large matter—'tis the difference between the lightning-bug and the lightning.
— Mark TwainLetter to George Bainton, 15 October 1888, solicited for and printed in George Bainton, The Art of Authorship: Literary Reminiscences, Metho
Use itEssay/answer writing: precise word choice matters—lightning vs lightning-bug.
The man of perfect virtue is cautious and slow in his speech. When a man feels the difficulty of doing, can he be other than cautious and slow in speaking?
One of the most horrible features of war is that all the war-propaganda, all the screaming and lies and hatred, comes invariably from people who are not fighting.
Clichés, stock phrases, adherence to conventional, standardized codes of expression and conduct have the socially recognized function of protecting us against reality.
In America the majority raises formidable barriers around the liberty of opinion; within these barriers an author may write what he pleases, but woe to him if he goes beyond them.
An error does not become truth by reason of multiplied propagation, nor does truth become error because nobody sees it. Truth stands, even if there be no public support. It is self sustained.
Threats to freedom of speech, writing and action, though often trivial in isolation, are cumulative in their effect and, unless checked, lead to a general disrespect for the rights of the citizen.
— George Orwell"The Freedom Defence Committee" in "The Socialist Leader (18 September 1948); also in The Collected Essays, Journalism, & Letters, George Or
Use itGS2: small erosions of free speech accumulate; vigilance for civil liberties.
Whenever the people are well informed, they can be trusted with their own government; that whenever things get so far wrong as to attract their notice, they may be relied on to set them to rights.
So civil society is the conscience of our countries. It’s the catalyst of change. It’s why strong nations don’t fear active citizens. Strong nations embrace and support and empower active citizens.
— Barack ObamaRemarks at Panama Civil Society Forum (April 2015)
Use itGS2 on civil society/NGOs: civil society as conscience; strong nations empower active citizens.
It asks a little of us here. It asks of us a certain height. So when at times the mob is swayed To carry praise or blame too far, We may take something like a star To stay our minds on and be staid.
— Robert Frost"An Afterword" ("Choose Something Like a Star"), l. 20 (1943)
Use itGS4: when the mob overdoes praise or blame, anchor to steady principles.
I believe it is an established maxim in morals that he who makes an assertion without knowing whether it is true or false, is guilty of falsehood; and the accidental truth of the assertion, does not justify or excuse him.
— Abraham LincolnLetter to Allen N. Ford (11 August 1846), reported in Roy Prentice Basler, ed., Abraham Lincoln: His Speeches and Writings (1990 [1946])
Use itGS4/Essay on fake news; spreading unverified claims is falsehood even if accidentally true.
If there are certain pages of Mr Bertrand Russell's book, Power, which seem rather empty, that is merely to say that we have now sunk to a depth at which the restatement of the obvious is the first duty of intelligent men.
— George OrwellReview of Power: A New Social Analysis by Bertrand Russell in The Adelphi (January 1939)
Use itEssay: in troubled times, restating obvious truths becomes a duty of the intelligent.
Information is the oxygen of the modern age. It seeps through the walls topped by barbed wire, it wafts across the electrified borders. ... The Goliath of totalitarianism will be brought down by the David of the microchip.
— Ronald ReaganAs quoted in The Guardian [London] (14 June 1989)
Use itEssay on information revolution: technology undermining authoritarian control.
In a free nation, it matters not whether individuals reason well or ill; it is sufficient that they do reason. Truth arises from the collision and from hence springs liberty, which is a security from the effects of reasoning.
— MontesquieuQuoted by Thomas Erskine in the trial of Thomas Paine, 1792
Use itGS2: free debate generates truth; clash of opinions safeguards liberty.
Sometimes I wonder if we shall ever grow up in our politics and say definite things which mean something, or whether we shall always go on using generalities to which everyone can subscribe, and which mean very little. (1 July 1940)
This is your government. It is quite different from its predecessors. Therefore, appreciate when a good thing is done. Certainly criticize fearlessly, when a wrong thing is done. I welcome criticism, but it must be honest and constructive.
One of the best ways of enslaving a people is to keep them from education... The second way of enslaving a people is to suppress the sources of information, not only by burning books but by controlling all the other ways in which ideas are transmitted. (11 May 1943)
Freedom of thought and of expression are not mere rights to be claimed. They have their roots deep in the existence of individuals as developing careers in time. Their denial and abrogation is an abdication of individuality and a virtual rejection of time as opportunity.
Without disarmament there can be no lasting peace. On the contrary, the continuation of military armaments in their present extent will with certainty lead to new catastrophies...For the creation of this public opinion in favor of disarmament every person living shares the responsibility, through ever deed and every word.
— Albert Einsteinwriting for the 1932 Disarmament Conference, included in The Nation 1865-1990: Selections From the Independent Magazine of Politics and Cult
Use itGS2 on disarmament and NPT; lasting peace needs public opinion against armaments.